/* =========================================================
   Gloria Chen — Personal Academic Website
   Style: Glassmorphism over warm photographic backgrounds
   Palette: Warm Browns
   Champagne #EACEAA · Whiskey #D39858 · Honey #85431E
   Coffee #34150F · Balsamico #150C0C
   ========================================================= */

/* Chinese calligraphy — Slender Gold (瘦金体) */

:root {
  --champagne: #eaceaa;
  --champagne-soft: #f6ecdb;
  --whiskey: #d39858;
  --whiskey-dark: #b87d3e;
  --honey: #85431e;
  --coffee: #34150f;
  --balsamico: #150c0c;

  --text: #2a160e;
  --text-soft: #5c4435;
  --cream: #fbf3e6;

  /* Glass tokens: translucent cards over the photographs */
  --glass-bg: rgba(255, 250, 244, 0.62);
  --glass-bg-strong: rgba(255, 250, 244, 0.78);
  --glass-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
  --glass-blur: blur(18px) saturate(140%);
  --glass-shadow: 0 10px 34px -10px rgba(20, 12, 12, 0.45), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);

  --dark-glass: rgba(34, 18, 12, 0.46);
  --dark-glass-border: rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.22);

  --font-display: "Playfair Display", Georgia, "Times New Roman", var(--font-zh);
  --font-body: "Lora", Georgia, "Times New Roman", var(--font-zh);
  --font-ui: "Jost", -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  --font-zh: "Zhi Mang Xing", "Long Cang", "Xingkai TC", "STXingkai", "STSong", "Songti SC", "SimSun", serif;

  --maxw: 1080px;
  --radius: 18px;
  --ease-out: cubic-bezier(0.32, 0.72, 0, 1);
  --ease-spring: cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.25, 0.4, 1);
  --transition: 0.3s var(--ease-out);
}

* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

/* Accessible keyboard focus — visible ring on all interactive elements */
:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--whiskey);
  outline-offset: 3px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}
:focus:not(:focus-visible) { outline: none; }

/* Respect users who prefer reduced motion */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *, *::before, *::after {
    animation-duration: 0.001ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.001ms !important;
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
  }
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--coffee);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  font-size: 17px;
  min-height: 100vh;
}

/* Fixed photographic background + warm veil (per-page) */
body::before {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -2;
  background-size: cover;
  background-position: center;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
/* Full-bleed photo with a warm veil — the photographs own every page */
body::after {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  pointer-events: none;
  background:
    url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='180' height='180'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='2' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)' opacity='0.05'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") repeat,
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(20, 12, 12, 0.42), rgba(20, 12, 12, 0.6));
  background-size: 180px 180px, cover;
}
body.page-home::before     { background-image: url("assets/bg_Home.jpg"); }
body.page-research::before { background-image: url("assets/bg_research.jpg"); }
body.page-cv::before       { background-image: url("assets/bg_cv.jpg"); }
body.page-fun::before      { background-image: url("assets/bg_beyond.jpg"); }
body.page-teaching::before { background-image: url("assets/bg_teach.jpg"); }

h1, h2, h3, h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  color: var(--coffee);
  line-height: 1.18;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0 0 0.5em;
  text-wrap: balance;
}
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 5vw, 3.2rem); letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3.5vw, 2.2rem); letter-spacing: -0.015em; }
h3 { font-size: 1.25rem; letter-spacing: -0.01em; }
p { margin: 0 0 1.1em; text-wrap: pretty; }

a { color: var(--honey); text-decoration: none; transition: color var(--transition); }
a:hover { color: var(--whiskey-dark); }
img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }

.zh { font-family: var(--font-zh); letter-spacing: 0.04em; }

.container { width: 100%; max-width: var(--maxw); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 1.5rem; }
.section { padding: 4rem 0; }

.eyebrow {
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--whiskey);
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}

/* ---------- Glass primitive ---------- */
.glass {
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
}

/* ---------- Navbar: floating glass island ---------- */
.nav {
  position: fixed;
  top: 1rem;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  margin-inline: auto;
  width: max-content;
  max-width: calc(100% - 2rem);
  z-index: 60;
  background: rgba(30, 17, 10, 0.58);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(150%);
  backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(150%);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.22);
  border-radius: 999px;
  box-shadow:
    0 18px 40px -18px rgba(10, 5, 2, 0.55),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);
  transition: transform 0.55s var(--ease-out), opacity 0.55s var(--ease-out);
}
/* Reading mode: the island retires upward while scrolling down,
   returns the moment the reader scrolls up */
.nav.nav--hidden { transform: translateY(-160%); opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; }
.nav__inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1.6rem;
  padding: 0.45rem 0.6rem 0.45rem 1.25rem;
}
.nav__brand {
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav__brand span { color: var(--whiskey); }
.nav__links { display: flex; gap: 0.15rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.nav__links a {
  display: inline-block;
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
  color: var(--cream);
  font-weight: 400;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.03em;
  padding: 0.38rem 0.9rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  transition: background var(--transition), color var(--transition);
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav__links a:hover { background: rgba(255, 250, 244, 0.12); color: #fff; }
.nav__links a.active {
  background: rgba(255, 250, 244, 0.16);
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14);
}
.nav__toggle { display: none; background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer; padding: 0.55rem 0.7rem; }
.nav__toggle span { display: block; width: 22px; height: 2px; background: var(--cream); margin: 5px 0; border-radius: 2px; transition: var(--transition); }

/* Content clears the floating nav */
body { padding-top: 4.6rem; }

/* ---------- Text over photo ---------- */
.over-photo, .page-head, .hero { color: var(--cream); }
.page-head h1, .hero h1, .hero__name { color: #fff; text-shadow: 0 2px 22px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); }
.page-head .eyebrow, .hero .eyebrow { color: var(--champagne); }
.page-head p, .hero__affil, .hero__role { color: #f3e7d4; text-shadow: 0 1px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.45); }

/* ---------- Hero / About ---------- */
.hero { padding: 3.5rem 0 1rem; }
.hero__grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 330px 1fr; gap: 3rem; align-items: start; }
.hero__photo {
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 50px -16px rgba(0,0,0,0.6);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
  aspect-ratio: 3 / 4;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  width: 100%;
}
.hero__name { margin-bottom: 0.1em; }
.hero__zhname { font-size: 1.9rem; color: var(--champagne); margin: 0 0 0.5rem; text-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.5); }
.hero__role { font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 0.4rem; }
.hero__affil { margin-bottom: 1.3rem; }

.tag-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.5rem; margin: 0.4rem 0 1.5rem; }
.tag {
  background: rgba(255, 250, 244, 0.18);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  color: var(--cream);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
  padding: 0.32rem 0.8rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* ---------- Buttons ---------- */
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem;
  background: var(--whiskey);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.4rem;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.95rem;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition);
}
.btn:hover { background: var(--honey); color: #fff; transform: translateY(-1px); }
.btn:active { transform: translateY(1px) scale(0.98); }
.btn--ghost {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
}
.btn--ghost:hover { background: var(--whiskey); border-color: var(--whiskey); }
.btn-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0.8rem; margin-top: 0.5rem; }

/* ---------- Name meaning ---------- */
.name-meaning { margin-top: 1.3rem; }
.name-meaning__trigger {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.5rem;
  background: none; border: 0; cursor: pointer;
  color: #6F4E37;
  font-family: var(--font-body);
  font-size: 0.98rem; font-weight: 500;
  font-style: italic;
  padding: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.6);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.name-meaning__trigger:hover { color: #fff; border-bottom-color: #fff; }
.name-meaning__trigger .chev { transition: transform var(--transition); font-style: normal; }
.name-meaning__trigger[aria-expanded="true"] .chev { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.name-meaning__panel {
  overflow: hidden;
  max-height: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  transition: max-height 0.5s ease, opacity 0.5s ease, margin 0.4s ease;
  margin-top: 0;
}
.name-meaning__panel.open { max-height: 640px; opacity: 1; margin-top: 1rem; }
.name-meaning__inner { padding: 1.5rem 1.7rem; color: var(--text); }
.name-meaning__inner .zh-line { font-size: 1.5rem; color: var(--honey); margin: 0 0 0.3rem; line-height: 1.7; }
.name-meaning__inner .zh-body { font-size: 1.15rem; color: var(--coffee); line-height: 1.9; margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.name-meaning__inner .en-body { color: var(--text-soft); font-size: 1rem; }
.name-meaning__inner .attrib { color: var(--whiskey-dark); font-weight: 600; font-style: italic; }

/* ---------- Generic card ---------- */
.card {
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.6rem;
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
}
.grid-2 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }

/* ---------- Section headings over the photographs ---------- */
.section > .container > .eyebrow { color: var(--champagne); }
.section > .container > h2 { color: #fff; text-shadow: 0 2px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45); }
.section > .container > p.lead { color: #f1e4d2; text-shadow: 0 1px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4); }

/* ---------- References ---------- */
.ref-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr)); gap: 1.2rem; }
.ref-card {
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 1.3rem;
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
}
.ref-card h4 { margin-bottom: 0.15em; font-family: var(--font-body); font-weight: 700; color: var(--coffee); font-size: 1.02rem; }
.ref-card .ref-role { color: var(--whiskey-dark); font-size: 0.88rem; font-weight: 500; }
.ref-card .ref-affil { color: var(--text-soft); font-size: 0.86rem; }

/* ---------- Research: papers ---------- */
.paper {
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.paper__head { padding: 1.6rem 1.8rem 1.2rem; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4); }
.paper__status {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: 0.72rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.12em; font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff; background: var(--whiskey);
  padding: 0.22rem 0.7rem; border-radius: 999px; margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}
.paper__title { font-size: 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 0.25em; }
.paper__meta { color: var(--text-soft); font-size: 0.92rem; }
.paper__body { padding: 1.6rem 1.8rem; }
.paper__abstract { color: var(--text-soft); }

/* Flip card (research) */
.flip { perspective: 1600px; margin-top: 1.4rem; }
.flip__inner { display: grid; width: 100%; min-height: 240px; transition: transform 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.4,0.2,0.2,1); transform-style: preserve-3d; cursor: pointer; }
.flip.flipped .flip__inner { transform: rotateY(180deg); }
.flip__face { position: relative; grid-area: 1 / 1; backface-visibility: hidden; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden; border-radius: 14px; padding: 1.5rem 1.6rem; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; }
.flip__face--front { background: rgba(211, 152, 88, 0.16); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4); }
.flip__face--back { background: rgba(34, 18, 12, 0.82); color: var(--champagne); transform: rotateY(180deg); border: 1px solid rgba(255,224,190,0.25); }
/* Height clamp lives on an inner wrapper, not the 3D face — Safari renders
   backface-visibility unreliably when the rotated face itself clips overflow */
.flip__back-inner {
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center;
  max-height: 250px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: max-height 0.9s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.2, 0.2, 1);
}
.flip.flipped .flip__back-inner { max-height: 4000px; }
.flip__face--back h4 { color: var(--whiskey); }
.flip__face--back ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.1rem; }
.flip__face--back li { margin-bottom: 0.6rem; line-height: 1.5; }
.flip__label { font-size: 0.72rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.14em; font-weight: 700; margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }
.flip__face--front .flip__label { color: var(--honey); }
.flip__face--back .flip__label { color: var(--whiskey); }
.flip__hint { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.4rem; margin-top: 1.1rem; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--honey); }
.flip__face--back .flip__hint { color: var(--champagne); }
.flip__btn { align-self: flex-start; margin-top: 1.2rem; background: var(--whiskey); color: #fff; border: 0; padding: 0.5rem 1.1rem; border-radius: 999px; font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.85rem; cursor: pointer; transition: var(--transition); }
.flip__btn:hover { background: var(--honey); }

/* ---------- Teaching ---------- */
.teach-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr)); gap: 1.2rem; }
.teach-card {
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
  border-left: 4px solid var(--whiskey);
  border-radius: 14px;
  padding: 1.2rem 1.3rem;
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
  transition: transform var(--transition);
}
.teach-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); }
.teach-card .code { font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.06em; color: var(--whiskey-dark); }
.teach-card h3 { font-family: var(--font-body); font-size: 1.05rem; margin: 0.15em 0 0.3em; }
.teach-card p { margin: 0; color: var(--text-soft); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.level-pill { display: inline-block; font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--honey); background: rgba(234,206,170,0.45); border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.5); padding: 0.15rem 0.6rem; border-radius: 999px; margin-top: 0.7rem; }
.teach-quote {
  margin: 0.4rem 0 0;
  padding-left: 1.4rem;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--whiskey);
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 2.4vw, 1.4rem);
  line-height: 1.7;
  color: var(--coffee);
}
.teach-quote strong { color: var(--honey); font-style: normal; font-weight: 700; }

/* ---------- Student feedback ---------- */
.feedback-note { margin: 0.2rem 0 1.6rem; font-style: italic; color: rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.85); }
.feedback-acc { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 1rem; }
.feedback-group {
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
}
.feedback-group > summary {
  list-style: none; cursor: pointer;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between;
  padding: 1.1rem 1.5rem;
  font-family: var(--font-display);
  font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--coffee);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.feedback-group > summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.feedback-group > summary:hover { color: var(--honey); }
.feedback-group__chev { transition: transform var(--transition); font-size: 0.9rem; color: var(--whiskey); }
.feedback-group[open] > summary .feedback-group__chev { transform: rotate(180deg); }
.feedback-group__body { padding: 0 1.5rem 0.6rem; }
.feedback-quote {
  margin: 0 0 1.1rem;
  padding-left: 1.2rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--whiskey);
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.75;
  color: var(--text);
}
.feedback-quote em { color: var(--honey); font-style: italic; }

/* ---------- CV ---------- */
.cv-section {
  margin-bottom: 1.8rem;
  background: var(--glass-bg);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  border: 1px solid var(--glass-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
  padding: 1.6rem 1.8rem;
}
.cv-section > h2 { font-size: 1.4rem; color: var(--coffee); border-bottom: 2px solid var(--whiskey); padding-bottom: 0.4rem; display: inline-block; text-shadow: none; }
.cv-entry { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto; gap: 0.4rem 1.5rem; padding: 0.8rem 0; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgba(140,100,70,0.3); }
.cv-entry:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.cv-entry h4 { font-family: var(--font-body); font-weight: 700; margin: 0; color: var(--coffee); font-size: 1.02rem; }
.cv-entry .sub { color: var(--text-soft); font-size: 0.92rem; }
.cv-entry .year { color: var(--whiskey-dark); font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.9rem; white-space: nowrap; text-align: right; font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; letter-spacing: 0.01em; }
.cv-list { columns: 2; column-gap: 2.5rem; padding-left: 1.1rem; margin: 0; }
.cv-list li { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; break-inside: avoid; color: var(--text-soft); }
.cv-list li strong { color: var(--coffee); }

/* ---------- Page header ---------- */
.page-head { padding: 3rem 0 1rem; }
.page-head p { max-width: none; }

/* ---------- Fun: dusk-harbour entry ---------- */
/* Drop a photo at assets/intro_harbour.jpg and it takes over the painted sky automatically */
.intro {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 200;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  padding: 2rem;
  overflow: hidden;
  background:
    url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='180' height='180'%3E%3Cfilter id='n'%3E%3CfeTurbulence type='fractalNoise' baseFrequency='0.85' numOctaves='2' stitchTiles='stitch'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3Crect width='100%25' height='100%25' filter='url(%23n)' opacity='0.05'/%3E%3C/svg%3E") repeat,
    url("assets/intro_harbour.jpg") center / cover no-repeat,
    radial-gradient(ellipse 70% 32% at 24% 58%, rgba(255, 205, 118, 0.85) 0%, rgba(255, 190, 105, 0.35) 45%, transparent 72%),
    linear-gradient(180deg,
      #2a5da8 0%,
      #3f7ac2 26%,
      #6f9fd4 44%,
      #d9c08d 56%,
      #b08050 60%,
      #23456b 63%,
      #1b3757 76%,
      #12263f 100%);
  background-size: 180px 180px, cover, cover, cover;
  transition: opacity 0.9s ease, visibility 0.9s ease;
}
.intro.intro--done { opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; pointer-events: none; }
.intro.intro--done .intro__content { transform: translateY(-14px); }

/* Harbour water, headland, birds, one lit sail */
.intro__shan {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: min(46vh, 420px);
  opacity: 0;
  animation: shanRise 1.7s ease 0.05s forwards;
  pointer-events: none;
}
@keyframes shanRise { from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(26px); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }
.shan { fill: #0d1f36; }
.shan--far  { opacity: 0.45; }
.shan--mid  { opacity: 0.65; }
.shan--near { opacity: 0.85; }
.shan-birds { stroke: rgba(250, 238, 214, 0.75); stroke-width: 2.4; }
.shan-sail  { fill: #f6ead2; opacity: 0; animation: sailFade 1.6s ease 2.2s forwards; }
@keyframes sailFade { to { opacity: 0.92; } }

.intro__content {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 92vw;
  padding: 2.5rem 3rem;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse closest-side, rgba(10, 24, 44, 0.38), rgba(10, 24, 44, 0.18) 60%, transparent 100%);
  transition: transform 0.9s ease;
}

/* English quote — calligraphy that writes itself on */
.intro__script { margin: 0 0 1.5rem; }
.intro__script-line {
  display: block;
  font-family: "Italianno", "Playfair Display", cursive;
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 6.6vw, 3.6rem);
  line-height: 1.18;
  color: #fdf4e0;
  text-shadow: 0 2px 26px rgba(8, 20, 40, 0.65);
  clip-path: inset(-22% 100% -22% -2%);
  animation: writeOn var(--w) cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.05, 0.45, 1) var(--d) forwards;
}
@keyframes writeOn { to { clip-path: inset(-22% -5% -22% -2%); } }

/* The verse — each character lands like a drop of ink */
.intro__verse {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Long Cang", var(--font-zh);
  color: #fff6e2;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 5.6vw, 2.6rem);
  letter-spacing: 0.13em;
  line-height: 1.55;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(8, 20, 40, 0.55), 0 3px 22px rgba(8, 20, 40, 0.65);
}
.intro__phrase { display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; }
.intro__char {
  display: inline-block;
  opacity: 0;
  filter: blur(5px);
  transform: scale(1.35) rotate(2deg);
  animation: inkDrop 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.3, 1) calc(1.95s + var(--i) * 0.15s) forwards;
}
/* When the couplet wraps, the trailing comma hangs cleanly */
.intro__char--punc { letter-spacing: 0; }
@keyframes inkDrop {
  55% { filter: blur(1px); }
  to { opacity: 1; filter: blur(0); transform: none; }
}

.intro__skip {
  position: absolute; bottom: 1.6rem; right: 1.8rem;
  background: rgba(12, 26, 44, 0.45); color: #f3e7d4;
  border: 1px solid rgba(246, 234, 210, 0.4);
  border-radius: 999px; padding: 0.4rem 1rem; font-size: 0.85rem; cursor: pointer;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px); backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
  transition: var(--transition);
}
.intro__skip:hover { background: rgba(12, 26, 44, 0.7); }
.intro__skip:active { transform: translateY(1px) scale(0.98); }

/* ---------- Fun: flip cards with photo fronts ---------- */
.fun-intro { max-width: none; }
.fun-flip-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(290px, 1fr)); gap: 1.6rem; margin-top: 2.2rem; }
.funflip { perspective: 1600px; height: 400px; }
.funflip__inner { position: relative; width: 100%; height: 100%; transition: transform 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.4,0.2,0.2,1); transform-style: preserve-3d; cursor: pointer; }
.funflip.flipped .funflip__inner { transform: rotateY(180deg); }
.funflip__face {
  position: absolute; inset: 0;
  backface-visibility: hidden; -webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;
  border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4);
  box-shadow: var(--glass-shadow);
}
.funflip__front {
  background-size: cover; background-position: center;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: flex-end;
}
.funflip__front::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(20,12,8,0.05) 35%, rgba(20,12,8,0.82) 100%);
}
.funflip__overlay { position: relative; z-index: 1; padding: 1.4rem 1.5rem; color: #fff; }
.funflip__tag {
  display: inline-block; font-size: 0.7rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.14em; font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--coffee); background: var(--champagne); padding: 0.2rem 0.7rem; border-radius: 999px; margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}
.funflip__overlay h3 { color: #fff; font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 1.4rem; margin: 0 0 0.3rem; text-shadow: 0 2px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.6); }
.funflip__overlay p { margin: 0; font-size: 0.92rem; color: #f3e7d4; }
.funflip__hint { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.4rem; margin-top: 0.9rem; font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--champagne); }
.funflip__back {
  transform: rotateY(180deg);
  background: rgba(30, 17, 11, 0.9);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur); backdrop-filter: var(--glass-blur);
  color: var(--cream);
  padding: 1.6rem 1.6rem;
  display: flex; flex-direction: column;
}
.funflip__back h3 { color: var(--whiskey); font-family: var(--font-display); font-size: 1.25rem; margin: 0 0 0.2rem; }
.funflip__back .sub { color: var(--champagne); font-size: 0.82rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.1em; margin-bottom: 0.9rem; }
.funflip__back ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 1.1rem; overflow-y: auto; }
.funflip__back li { margin-bottom: 0.55rem; line-height: 1.5; font-size: 0.95rem; }
.funflip__back li b { color: #fff; }
.funflip__back .note { color: #e7d4bd; font-size: 0.95rem; line-height: 1.65; }
.funflip__back .flip-back-hint { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 0.8rem; font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--whiskey); }

/* Inner wrapper carries the height clamp (Safari-safe, see .flip__back-inner) */
.funflip__back-inner { display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1; min-height: 0; }

/* Small screens: let the card grow so the back is never clipped */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .funflip { height: auto; min-height: 400px; }
  .funflip__inner { display: grid; height: auto; }
  .funflip__face { position: relative; inset: auto; grid-area: 1 / 1; }
  .funflip__front { min-height: 400px; }
  .funflip__back-inner {
    max-height: 360px; overflow: hidden;
    transition: max-height 0.8s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.2, 0.2, 1);
  }
  .funflip.flipped .funflip__back-inner { max-height: 2000px; }
  .funflip__back ul { overflow-y: visible; }
}

/* ---------- Footer: dark glass over the photograph ---------- */
.footer {
  background: rgba(20, 11, 7, 0.55);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(14px); backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.18);
  color: var(--champagne);
  padding: 2.6rem 0 2rem;
  margin-top: 4rem;
}
.footer a { color: var(--whiskey); }
.footer a:hover { color: #fff; }
.footer__inner { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; gap: 1.5rem; align-items: center; }
.footer__name { font-family: var(--font-display), var(--font-zh); font-size: 1.3rem; color: #fff; }
.footer__links { display: flex; gap: 1.3rem; list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; font-size: 0.92rem; }
.footer__copy { width: 100%; border-top: 1px solid rgba(234,206,170,0.2); padding-top: 1.2rem; margin-top: 1.2rem; font-size: 0.82rem; color: rgba(234,206,170,0.65); }
.footer__note { width: 100%; margin: 0.4rem 0 0; font-family: "Italianno", cursive; font-size: 1.45rem; letter-spacing: 0.02em; color: rgba(234,206,170,0.7); }

/* ---------- Reveal choreography: heavy fade-up with blur resolve ---------- */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(28px);
  filter: blur(7px);
  transition: opacity 0.9s var(--ease-out), transform 0.9s var(--ease-out), filter 0.9s var(--ease-out);
}
.reveal.in { opacity: 1; transform: none; filter: none; }

/* Grid children cascade in behind their parent */
.reveal .teach-card, .reveal .ref-card, .reveal .funflip {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(22px);
  transition: opacity 0.75s var(--ease-out), transform 0.75s var(--ease-out);
}
.reveal.in .teach-card, .reveal.in .ref-card, .reveal.in .funflip { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.reveal.in .teach-card:nth-child(2), .reveal.in .ref-card:nth-child(2), .reveal.in .funflip:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: 0.08s; }
.reveal.in .teach-card:nth-child(3), .reveal.in .ref-card:nth-child(3), .reveal.in .funflip:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: 0.16s; }
.reveal.in .teach-card:nth-child(4), .reveal.in .funflip:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: 0.24s; }
.reveal.in .teach-card:nth-child(5), .reveal.in .funflip:nth-child(5) { transition-delay: 0.32s; }
.reveal.in .teach-card:nth-child(6), .reveal.in .funflip:nth-child(6) { transition-delay: 0.4s; }

/* ---------- Misc ---------- */
.contact-list { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
.contact-list li { display: flex; gap: 0.7rem; align-items: baseline; padding: 0.35rem 0; color: var(--text-soft); }
.contact-list .label { min-width: 92px; color: var(--coffee); font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.88rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.05em; }
.placeholder-note { background: rgba(211,152,88,0.18); border: 1px dashed var(--whiskey); border-radius: 10px; padding: 0.7rem 1rem; font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--cream); margin-top: 2rem; }

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .hero__grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.8rem; }
  .hero__photo { max-width: 280px; }
  .grid-2 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cv-list { columns: 1; }
  .cv-entry { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .cv-entry .year { text-align: left; }

  .nav__toggle { display: block; }
  .nav { width: calc(100% - 2rem); }
  .nav__inner { justify-content: space-between; }

  /* Hamburger morphs into an X */
  .nav:has(.nav__links.open) .nav__toggle span:nth-child(1) { transform: translateY(7px) rotate(45deg); }
  .nav:has(.nav__links.open) .nav__toggle span:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0; transform: scaleX(0.4); }
  .nav:has(.nav__links.open) .nav__toggle span:nth-child(3) { transform: translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg); }

  /* Floating menu card below the island */
  .nav__links {
    position: fixed;
    top: 4.9rem; left: 1rem; right: 1rem;
    flex-direction: column; gap: 0;
    background: rgba(28, 15, 9, 0.9);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(150%); backdrop-filter: blur(24px) saturate(150%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.2);
    border-radius: 22px;
    box-shadow: 0 26px 60px -20px rgba(8, 4, 2, 0.65);
    max-height: 0; overflow: hidden;
    padding: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: max-height 0.55s var(--ease-out), visibility 0s 0.55s;
  }
  .nav__links.open { max-height: 420px; visibility: visible; padding: 0.6rem; transition: max-height 0.55s var(--ease-out); }
  .nav__links li { width: 100%; opacity: 0; transform: translateY(10px); transition: opacity 0.5s var(--ease-out), transform 0.5s var(--ease-out); }
  .nav__links.open li { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
  .nav__links.open li:nth-child(1) { transition-delay: 0.06s; }
  .nav__links.open li:nth-child(2) { transition-delay: 0.11s; }
  .nav__links.open li:nth-child(3) { transition-delay: 0.16s; }
  .nav__links.open li:nth-child(4) { transition-delay: 0.21s; }
  .nav__links.open li:nth-child(5) { transition-delay: 0.26s; }
  .nav__links a { display: block; padding: 0.85rem 1.1rem; border-radius: 14px; }
}

/* =========================================================
   Research: illustrated mechanism card
   (When Words Move Rankings — flip-card back face)
   ========================================================= */

/* Grid-stacked faces: card height follows content on every viewport */
.flip--mechanism .flip__face--back { padding: 1.6rem 1.8rem 1.5rem; }

/* Compact front: match the height of the other flip cards */
.flip--mechanism .mmk__motif { width: 52px; height: auto; margin-bottom: 0.8rem; }
.flip--mechanism .flip__quote { font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.8vw, 1.15rem); margin-top: 0.45rem !important; }
.flip--mechanism .flip__hint { margin-top: 0.8rem; }
.flip--mechanism .flip__btn { margin-top: 0.9rem; }

.mmk {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.1fr 1fr;
  margin: 0.5rem 0 1.1rem;
}
.mmk p { margin: 0; }
.mmk__step {
  display: flex; flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center;
  padding: 0.4rem 1rem 0.6rem;
  border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.16);
}
.mmk__step:first-child { border-left: 0; }
.mmk__title {
  font-size: 0.66rem; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  color: var(--champagne); opacity: 0.75;
  margin: 0.35rem 0 1rem !important;
}
.mmk__list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.45rem; width: 100%; max-width: 9.5rem; }
.mmk-chip {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.6rem;
  border: 1px solid rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.35); border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 0.3rem 0.7rem;
  font-size: 0.82rem; color: var(--champagne);
  background: rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.05);
}
.mmk-chip .rank {
  font-family: var(--font-display); font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.78rem; color: rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.55);
  width: 0.65rem; flex-shrink: 0;
}
.mmk-chip--hot {
  border-color: var(--whiskey); background: rgba(211, 152, 88, 0.18); color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(211, 152, 88, 0.25), 0 6px 18px -8px rgba(211, 152, 88, 0.55);
}
.mmk-chip--hot .rank { color: var(--whiskey); }

/* The reported list re-sorts itself once the card is revealed */
.flip--mechanism.flipped .mmk__list--after .mmk-chip--hot {
  animation: mmkRise 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) 0.55s both;
}
.flip--mechanism.flipped .mmk__list--after .mmk-chip:not(.mmk-chip--hot) {
  animation: mmkSettle 0.7s cubic-bezier(0.22, 1, 0.36, 1) 0.55s both;
}
@keyframes mmkRise { from { transform: translateY(4.6rem); opacity: 0.3; } to { transform: translateY(0); opacity: 1; } }
@keyframes mmkSettle { from { transform: translateY(-2.3rem); } to { transform: translateY(0); } }

.mmk__match {
  display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.45rem;
  margin-top: 1rem !important;
  font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--champagne);
}
.mmk__match .dot {
  width: 6px; height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; flex-shrink: 0;
  border: 1px solid rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.8);
}
.mmk__match .dot--hot { background: var(--whiskey); border-color: var(--whiskey); }
.mmk__tag {
  font-family: var(--font-display); font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.82rem; color: rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.6);
  margin-top: 0.25rem !important;
}
.mmk__tag--hot { color: var(--whiskey); }

.mmk__flow {
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 0.5rem;
  width: 100%; margin: 1.7rem 0 1.2rem;
}
.mmk__flow .who { font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--champagne); white-space: nowrap; }
.mmk__wire { flex: 0 1 2.6rem; min-width: 1.1rem; border-top: 1px dashed rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.5); position: relative; }
.mmk__wire--arrow::after {
  content: ""; position: absolute; right: -1px; top: -3.5px;
  border-left: 5px solid rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.75);
  border-top: 3px solid transparent; border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
}
.mmk__env { color: var(--whiskey); flex-shrink: 0; }

.mmk__coretext {
  margin: 0;
  padding-top: 0.9rem;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.16);
  font-size: 0.86rem; line-height: 1.6; color: #e9d7bf;
  text-wrap: pretty;
}
.mmk__coretext em { font-style: normal; font-weight: 600; color: var(--whiskey); }

/* Centered front face — shared by all research flip cards */
.flip__face--front-centered { align-items: center; text-align: center; }
.flip__face--front-centered .flip__btn { align-self: center; }
.mmk__motif { color: var(--whiskey); opacity: 0.45; margin-bottom: 1.3rem; }

/* Front-face takeaway quote */
.flip__quote {
  font-family: var(--font-display); font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2vw, 1.22rem); line-height: 1.55;
  color: var(--coffee);
  max-width: 60ch;
  margin: 0.7rem 0 0.5rem !important;
}
.flip__quote-sub {
  font-size: 0.92rem; color: var(--text-soft);
  max-width: 70ch; margin: 0 !important;
}

/* Four-phase quadrant layout */
.mmk--quad { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
.mmk--quad .mmk__step { border-left: 0; padding: 1rem 1.1rem 1.2rem; }
.mmk--quad .mmk__step:nth-child(even) { border-left: 1px solid rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.16); }
.mmk--quad .mmk__step:nth-child(n+3) { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.16); }
.mmk--quad .mmk__title { margin-top: 0 !important; }
.mmk--quad .mmk__flow { margin: 1.4rem 0 1rem; }

/* Small screens: every phase stacks in a single column
   (must stay AFTER the .mmk--quad base rules to win the cascade) */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .mmk, .mmk--quad { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .mmk__step, .mmk--quad .mmk__step { border-left: 0 !important; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 224, 190, 0.16); padding: 1rem 0.2rem 0.9rem; }
  .mmk__step:first-child { border-top: 0; padding-top: 0.4rem; }
  .mmk__flow, .mmk--quad .mmk__flow { margin: 1rem 0 0.8rem; }
}

/* Example setup line + ranking-list labels */
.mmk__setup {
  font-size: 0.86rem; line-height: 1.55; color: #e9d7bf;
  margin: 0.2rem 0 0.3rem !important;
}
.mmk__listlabel {
  font-family: var(--font-display); font-style: italic;
  font-size: 0.8rem; color: rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.65);
  margin: -0.4rem 0 0.7rem !important;
}

/* Designer objectives: held in theory, struck in practice */
.mmk__objs { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0.35rem; margin-top: 0.8rem; }
.mmk__obj {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 0.45rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem; color: rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.8);
}
.mmk__obj .mark { color: var(--whiskey); font-size: 0.72rem; }
.mmk__obj--fail { color: rgba(234, 206, 170, 0.5); }
.mmk__obj--fail s { text-decoration-color: rgba(211, 152, 88, 0.75); }

/* =========================================================
   Home: hero research statement
   ========================================================= */

.hero__statement {
  font-family: var(--font-display); font-style: italic;
  font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 2.2vw, 1.25rem); line-height: 1.6;
  color: var(--champagne);
  max-width: 60ch;
  margin: 0 0 1.2rem;
  text-shadow: 0 1px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

/* =========================================================
   Final polish: a11y skip link, pressed states, tabular years
   ========================================================= */

.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  left: -9999px;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 300;
  background: var(--coffee);
  color: #fff;
  padding: 0.7rem 1.2rem;
  border-radius: 0 0 10px 0;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.skip-link:focus { left: 0; }

.flip__btn:active { transform: translateY(1px) scale(0.98); }
.name-meaning__trigger:active { transform: translateY(1px); }
.cv-entry .year, .footer__copy { font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums; }

/* =========================================================
   High-end pass: UI typography & haptic interaction
   ========================================================= */

/* Jost carries the interface voice; Lora carries the prose */
.btn, .flip__btn, .tag, .eyebrow, .paper__status, .level-pill,
.teach-card .code, .contact-list .label, .flip__label, .mmk__title,
.mmk__match, .mmk__obj, .funflip__tag, .funflip__hint, .flip__hint,
.footer__links, .footer__copy, .intro__skip, .skip-link,
.cv-entry .year, .name-meaning__trigger, .feedback-group__chev {
  font-family: var(--font-ui);
}
.eyebrow { letter-spacing: 0.22em; font-weight: 500; }
.paper__status, .funflip__tag { letter-spacing: 0.16em; }
.tag { font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }
.btn, .flip__btn { font-weight: 500; letter-spacing: 0.04em; }

/* Lora likes a little more air */
body { line-height: 1.72; }
.paper__abstract, .cv-entry .sub, .glance p { line-height: 1.75; }

/* Haptic buttons: weight on hover, press on click */
.btn {
  transition: transform 0.45s var(--ease-spring), background var(--transition), box-shadow 0.45s var(--ease-out);
}
.btn:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 30px -12px rgba(133, 67, 30, 0.55);
}
.btn:active { transform: translateY(0) scale(0.97); }
.flip__btn { transition: transform 0.45s var(--ease-spring), background var(--transition); }
.flip__btn:hover { transform: translateY(-1px); }

/* Cards lift with diffused weight */
.ref-card, .teach-card, .card {
  transition: transform 0.6s var(--ease-spring), box-shadow 0.6s var(--ease-out);
}
.ref-card:hover, .teach-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 50px -14px rgba(20, 12, 12, 0.55), inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.55);
}